تشخیص نوع ناهمسانگردی و تعیین ضرایب تانسور سفتی قطعات ساخت افزایشی پلیمری با استفاده از امواج فراصوتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشکدۀ مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه صنعتی خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

در کاربردهای پزشکی و صنعتی اطلاع از خواص مکانیکی قطعات از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. یکی از موثرترین روش­‌ها برای اندازه‌گیری خواص الاستیک قطعات روش آزمون غیرمخرب فراصوتی است. در این مقاله، اندازه‌گیری خواص الاستیک قطعاتی که با فرایند ساخت افزایشی ذوب رسوبی ساخته‌شده‌اند، با استفاده از آزمون فراصوتی انجام خواهد شد. بدین منظور قطعه‌ای با هندسه‌ای خاص از جنس پلیمر PLA به روش ساخت رشتۀ رسوبی (FFF) ساخته می‌شود و سرعت موج در جهت‌های مختلف این قطعه اندازه‌گیری می‌شود. با فرض اینکه نوع ناهمسانگردی در این قطعه ساختار اورتوتروپیک با نه ثابت الاستیک است، ضرایب الاستیک قطعه بر اساس سرعت‌های اندازه‌گیری‌شده محاسبه می‌شود. سپس با وارون‌سازی تانسور الاستیک، ضرایب الاستیک مهندسی از جمله مدول یانگ، نسبت پواسون و مدول برشی قطعه نیز به‌دست می‌آیند. با بررسی دقیق ضرایب الاستیک اندازه‌گیری معلوم شد که نوع ناهمسانگردی ساده‌تر از ساختار اورتوتروپیک است و بدین‌ جهت ناهمسانگردی شش‌وجهی (همسانگردی عرضی) با پنج ثابت الاستیک روی آن بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که ناهمسانگردی قطعه ساختار شش‌وجهی است. آزمون کشش نیز روی نمونه‌هایی از این ماده در جهت‌های مختلف انجام و نتایج آن با نتایج آزمون فراصوتی مقایسه و نشان داد که نتایج آزمون‌های فراصوتی و کشش تطابق خوبی دارند. برای تکمیل بحث، خواص دیگر آکوستیکی قطعه، از جمله تضیعف و امپدانس صوتی نیز در جهت‌های مختلف اندازه‌گیری و ارزیابی شد. روش فراصوتی معرفی‌شده در این مقاله می‌تواند برای تعیین اندازه‌گیری خواص الاستیک قطعات ناهمسانگرد ساخت افزایشی به‌کار رود و تغییرات احتمالی به‌وجود آمده در خواص الاستیک این قطعات را با دقت بالایی تشخیص دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination of the type of anisotropy and stiffness tensor in additive manufacturing polymer components by using ultrasonic waves

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Bagheri-Bami
  • Farhang Honarvar
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Mechanical properties of engineering components are of importance in medical and industrial applications. Ultrasonic nondestructive testing is one of the most effective methods for assessing the elastic properties of materials. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the elastic properties of components made by fused filament fabrication (FFF) additive manufacturing process by using ultrasonic waves. This is accomplished by fabricating a test specimen with a predetermined geometry from PLA polymer by FFF process. The ultrasonic wave velocity is then measured in this test specimen along different directions. The elastic coefficients of the specimen are then calculated from the measured wave velocities by assuming orthotropic structure for the specimen. The engineering elastic coefficients, such as Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and shear modulus are also found by inversing the elastic tensor. Considering that some of the measured elastic constants of this material were almost identical, the hexagonal that was simpler than orthotropic. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the sample has hexagonal anisotropy. The tensile testing results obtained from tensile samples made from the same material were compared with ultrasonic test results and were in good agreement. Other acoustic properties of this material such as sound attenuation and acoustic impedance were also measured and discussed.  It is concluded that the ultrasonic method is very efficient in measuring the elastic properties of polymer components manufactured by FFF process and can be used for determination of changes in elastic properties of the material due to variations in the process parameters.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Additive Manufacturing
  • Fuses Filament Fabrication (FFF)
  • Ultrasonic waves
  • Elasticity tensor
  • Acoustic impedance
  • Wave attenuation

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مهندسی ساخت و تولید ایران
دوره 9، شماره 6
شهریور 1401
صفحه 36-48

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