مهندسی ساخت و تولید ایران

مهندسی ساخت و تولید ایران

تحلیل اثر فرایند کار سرد مکانیکی بر ویژگی‌های ریزساختاری و سختی فولادهای آستنیتی زنگ نزن 316 و LVM316

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
گروه پژوهشی مواد نوین، سازمان جهاد دانشگاهی خراسان رضوی، مشهد، ایران
10.22034/ijme.2025.547323.2133
چکیده
فولادهای زنگ‌نزن آستنیتی به دلیل مقاومت بالا در برابر خوردگی و زیست‌سازگاری مناسب، از پرکاربردترین مواد در صنایع به‌ویژه تجهیزات پزشکی و ایمپلنت‌های ارتوپدی محسوب می‌شوند. بهینه‌سازی خواص مکانیکی این فولادها از طریق فرایندهای شکل‌دهی نظیر کار سرد، نقش مهمی در افزایش طول عمر و عملکرد آن‌ها دارد. در این پژوهش، اثر نورد سرد با درصد کاهش سطح مقطع مختلف بر ریزساختار و سختی فولادهای آستنیتی 316 و LVM316 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. مطالعات ریزساختاری پس از انجام نورد سرد نشان داد که با افزایش درصد کاهش سطح مقطع، دانه‌ها ریزتر شده و در جهت نورد به ویژه در درصدهای 40% و 60% امتداد بیشتری می‌یابند. نتایج سختی‌سنجی نشان داد که با کاهش 60% سطح مقطع، سختی فولاد 316 از 114 برینل به 342 برینل و سختی فولاد LVM316 از 112 برینل به 333 برینل افزایش یافت. مقایسه تصاویر میکروسکوپی با نتایج سختی‌سنجی و اشعه ایکس حاکی از آن است که در فولاد کم‌کربن LVM316، افزایش سختی عمدتاً ناشی از تغییرات مورفولوژیکی دانه‌ها در اثر کار سرد بدون ایجاد فاز مارتنزیتی قابل توجه است. اگرچه نتایج پراش اشعه ایکس، تشکیل مقدار اندکی مارتنزیت کرنشی را در فولاد 316 نشان داد، اما این فاز در تصاویر نوری و الکترونی قابل تفکیک نیست و تیغه‌های مشاهده‌شده مربوط به باندهای لغزش و دوقلویی‌های کرنشی هستند. با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، بهینه‌سازی شرایط کار سرد می‌تواند رویکردی مؤثر برای ارتقای خواص مکانیکی و دوام این فولادها باشد. این امر علاوه بر کاهش وابستگی به واردات مواد پیشرفته، گامی مهم در مسیر بومی‌سازی و توسعه کاربردهای صنعتی فولادهای آستنیتی زنگ‌نزن به‌شمار می‌رود.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Analysis of the effect of mechanical cold working on the microstructural features and hardness of austenitic stainless Steels 316 and 316LVM

نویسندگان English

Hosein Amini Mashhadi
Hossein Norouzi Sahraei
Ahmad Moloodi
Masoud Golestanipour
Advanced Materials Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR) of Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده English

Austenitic stainless steels are widely used in industrial and biomedical applications owing to their excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Improving their mechanical performance through deformation-based processes such as cold working is essential for enhancing durability and functional reliability. In this study, the effect of different thickness reductions during cold rolling on the microstructure and hardness of 316 and 316LVM austenitic stainless steels was investigated. Cold rolling was performed at room temperature with thickness reductions of 20%, 40%, and 60%. Microstructural examinations revealed that increasing deformation led to grain refinement and elongation along the rolling direction, accompanied by partial formation of strain-induced martensite. This transformation was more pronounced in 316 steel, while in 316LVM, the austenitic structure remained more stable due to its lower carbon content and higher purity. The Brinell hardness of 316 steel increased from 114 HB to 342 HB at 60% reduction, whereas that of 316LVM increased from 112 HB to 333 HB. Although X-ray diffraction analysis indicated a small amount of strain-induced martensite in 316 steel, the martensite phase was not visually distinguishable in OM/SEM images due to its very low volume fraction. Overall, the findings indicate that controlling the degree of cold work provides an effective approach to tailoring the mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steels for industrial and biomedical applications.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Austenitic Stainless Steel
Mechanical Cold Working
Hardness Testing
Low-Carbon Steel
Martensite
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