Experimental and numerical analysis of the effect of using perforated plates in front of the target against ballistic impact

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Mechanical Engineering,Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

In the Past, monolithic armor plates were used to protect people and equipment. Today, the use of armored plates with unique designs (a combination of base plate & perforated plate) is considered. This new design is a structure consisting of at least two plates, one with a hole and the other monolithic (without holes), and they are placed in such a way that the perforated plate is placed in front of the monolithic plate (base plate) and this combination generally prevents the projectiles from penetrating and damaging the protected target. Experimental and numerical studies performed on these structures showed that this combination of plates has up to 31% less weight compared to integrated armored plates with the same ballistic protection capability. In the performed experiments, it was found that the edge effect causes deviation in the projectile path and erosion in the projectile sharp point, which in total prevents the projectile from penetrating the base plate and passing through it. The distance between the perforated & base plate was also studied, in which it was found that in order to have a proper effect of perforated plate, at least a distance greater than the length of the projectile between the two plates should be considered. This distance causes while having the edge effect, the least damage should occur in the perforated plate. By comparing the results obtained from experimental and numerical studies performed using LS-DYNA software, a good convergence between the results has been observed.

Keywords

References

[1] D. Heritier, E. Derassat, S. Fonlupt, Ballistic impact experiments on ultrahigh hard perforated add-on armor, in: 25th International Symposium on Ballistics, 2010, pp. 1501-1507.
[2] N. Kılıç, B. Ekici, S. Bedir, Optimization of high hardness perforated steel armor plates using finite element and response surface methods, Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 24(7) (2017) 615-624.
[3] M. Ravid, Y. Hirschberg, Perforated armor plates, in, Google Patents, 2006.
[4] S. Chocron, C.E. Anderson, D.J. Grosch, C.H. Popelar, Impact of the 7.62-mm APM2 projectile against the edge of a metallic target, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 25(5) (2001) 423-437.
[5] D. Ben-Moshe, An armor assembly for armoured vehicles, in, 1986.
[6] Z. Rosenberg, Y. Ashuach, Y. Yeshurun, E. Dekel, On the main mechanisms for defeating AP projectiles, long rods and shaped charge jets, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 36(4) (2009) 588-596.
[7] M. Ravid, Y. Hirchberg, Patent No.: 7,513,186 B2, Ballistic armor, (2009).
[8] S. Balos, V. Grabulov, L. Sidjanin, M. Pantic, I. Radisavljevic, Geometry, mechanical properties and mounting of perforated plates for ballistic application, Materials & Design, 31(6) (2010) 2916-2924.
[9] W. Norris, C. Smith, Perforated armor with geometry modified for lighter weight, WO2010036411, (2010).
[10] N. Kilic, Y. Erbil, B. Ekici, A. Erdik, D. Bircan, Ballistic behavior of perforated armor plates against 7.62 mm armor piercing projectile, in: Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Computing Science and Engineering, 2011, pp. 720-726.
[11] B. Mishra, P.K. Jena, B. Ramakrishna, V. Madhu, T.B. Bhat, N.K. Gupta, Effect of tempering temperature, plate thickness and presence of holes on ballistic impact behavior and ASB formation of a high strength steel, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 44 (2012) 17-28.
[12] B. Mishra, B. Ramakrishna, P.K. Jena, K. Siva Kumar, V. Madhu, N.K. Gupta, Experimental studies on the effect of size and shape of holes on damage and microstructure of high hardness armour steel plates under ballistic impact, Materials & Design, 43 (2013) 17-24.
[13] V. Paris, A. Weiss, A. Vizel, E. Ran, F. Aizik, Fragmentation of armor piercing steel projectiles upon oblique perforation of steel plates, EPJ Web of Conferences, 26 (2012) 04032.
[14] I. Radisavljevic, S. Balos, M. Nikacevic, L. Sidjanin, Optimization of geometrical characteristics of perforated plates, Materials & Design, 49 (2013) 81-89.
[15] N. Kılıç, S. Bedir, A. Erdik, B. Ekici, A. Taşdemirci, M. Güden, Ballistic behavior of high hardness perforated armor plates against 7.62mm armor piercing projectile, Materials & Design, 63 (2014) 427-438.
[16] S. Balos, I. Radisavljevic, D. Rajnovic, M. Dramicanin, S. Tabakovic, O. Eric-Cekic, L. Sidjanin, Geometry, mechanical and ballistic properties of ADI material perforated plates, Materials & Design, 83 (2015) 66-74.
[17] P. Pawlowski, T. Fras, Numerical and experimental investigation of asymmetrical contact between a steel plate and armour-piercing projectiles, in: 11th European Ls-Dyna Conference, 2017.
[18] W. Burian, J. Marcisz, L. Starczewski, M. Wnuk, A probabilistic model of optimising perforated high-strength steel sheet assemblies for impact-resistant armour systems, Problemy Mechatroniki: uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inżynieria bezpieczeństwa, 8 (2017).
[19] A. Mubashar, E. Uddin, S. Anwar, N. Arif, S. Waheed Ul Haq, M.A.K. Chowdhury, Ballistic response of 12.7 mm armour piercing projectile against perforated armour developed from structural steel, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications, 233(10) (2018) 1993-2005.
[20] W. Burian, P. Żochowski, M. Gmitrzuk, J. Marcisz, L. Starczewski, B. Juszczyk, M. Magier, Protection effectiveness of perforated plates made of high strength steel, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 126 (2019) 27-39.
[21] Y. Y. Émurlaeva, I.A. Bataev, Q. Zhou, D.V. Lazurenko, I.V. Ivanov, P.A. Riabinkina, S. Tanaka, P. Chen, Welding Window: Comparison of Deribas’ and Wittman’s Approaches and SPH Simulation Results, Metals, 9(12) (2019) 1323.
[22] X. Teng, T. Wierzbicki, M. Huang, Ballistic resistance of double-layered armor plates, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 35(8) (2008) 870-884.
[23] T. Børvik, O.S. Hopperstad, T. Berstad, M. Langseth, Perforation of 12mm thick steel plates by 20mm diameter projectiles with flat, hemispherical and conical noses: Part II: numerical simulations, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 27(1) (2002) 37-64.
[24] D. Lenihan, W. Ronan, P.E. O'Donoghue, S.B. Leen, A review of the integrity of metallic vehicle armour to projectile attack, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications, 233(1) (2019) 73-94.
[25] S. Dey, T. Børvik, X. Teng, T. Wierzbicki, O.S. Hopperstad, On the ballistic resistance of double-layered steel plates: An experimental and numerical investigation, International Journal of Solids and Structures, 44(20) (2007) 6701-6723.
[26] T. Børvik, S. Dey, A.H. Clausen, Perforation resistance of five different high-strength steel plates subjected to small-arms projectiles, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 36(7) (2009) 948-964.
[27] E. A. Flores-Johnson, M. Saleh, L. Edwards, Ballistic performance of multi-layered metallic plates impacted by a 7.62-mm APM2 projectile, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 38(12) (2011) 1022-1032.
[28] M. Becker, „Numerical Ricochet Model of a 7.62 mm Projectile Penetrating an Armor Steel Plate “, in: Precedings 15th International LS-DYNA Conference, 2018.
[29] B. Gladman, L.-D.K.U.s. Manual, Version 971, Livermore Software Technology Corporation (LSTC), Livermore, CA, (2007).
[30] M. Buyuk, C.-D.S. Kan, N.E. Bedewi, A. Durmus, S. Ulku, Moving beyond the finite elements, a comparison between the finite element methods and meshless methods for a ballistic impact simulation, in: 8th International LS-DYNA users conference, 2004.
[31] J. Zukas, Introduction to hydrocodes, Elsevier, 2004.
[32] M. W. Ali, A. Mubashar, E. Uddin, S.W.U. Haq, M. Khan, An experimental and numerical investigation of the ballistic response of multi-level armour against armour piercing projectiles, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 110. 47-56 (2017).
[33] D. R. Lesuer, G. Kay, M. LeBlanc, Modeling large-strain, high-rate deformation in metals, Lawrence Livermore National Lab.(LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States), 2001.
[34] J. Jung, Y.J. Cho, S.-H. Kim, Y.-S. Lee, H.-J. Kim, C.-Y. Lim, Y.H. Park, Microstructural and mechanical responses of various aluminum alloys to ballistic impacts by armor piercing projectile, Materials Characterization, 159 (2020) 110033.
Iranian Journal of Manufacturing Engineering
Volume 9, Issue 7
October 2022
Pages 9-21

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics